What did the Karankawa eat?

Short Answer: The most important food sources for the Karankawaswere scallops, oysters, buffalo, deer, various plants like cattail and dewberries, and fish like red and black drum, trout, and sheepshead.

Long Answer: What the Karankawa ate varied depending on the season. During the summer months, the Karankawas focused on larger game like deer and buffalo; while in the colder months, the Karankawa focused on marine resources like fish and shellfish. This is not to say that the Karankawas neglected hunting mammals during the winter or neglected fishing during the summer, rather these resources were not as nutritionally economic.

This seasonal availability of food created a push and pull factor that, in large part, is responsible for the millennium-long semi-nomadic lifestyle of the Karankawas. In the fall and winter, the aquatic resources were more abundant and the Karankawa were more active on barrier islands and around the bays. In the spring and summer, with the influx of the buffalo and with fruits becoming ripe, the Karankawas moved further inland. This roaming lifestyle allowed the Karankawas to encounter other inland Indian tribes who together cooperatively hunted buffalo and traded information, goods, and possibly blows.

Karankawa Trade

Karankawa Palate

Overtime I’ll be adding onto this list as I encounter more plants and animals in my reading or in archaeological write-ups.

Larger Game and Non-Fish	Fish and Shellfish	Plants
Most Found at Archaeological Sites: White Tailed Deer Buffalo Lesser Found at Archaeological Sites: Bobcat Duck Great Horned Owl Rabbit Turtle Dolphin and Porpoise Opossum Raccoon Coyote Wolf Various Shore Birds Javelina Prairie Dog Turtle and Tortoises Bear Snake Alligator Lizard/Salamanders Spider (From primary sources) Shrew Skunk Rat Gopher Rays Frog/Toads Whale Squirrel	Most Found at Archaeological Sites: Scallops Atlantic bay scallop Oysters Eastern oyster Horse oyster Red and Black Drum Speckled Sea-trout Sheepshead Lesser Found at Archaeological Sites: Catfish Gar Croaker Flounder Mullet Shark Mollusks Hooked mussel Quahog Sea Snails/Whelk Shark-eye Banded Tulips Cockle Apple Murex Pear whelk Lightning whelk Conch Florida Horse Conch Clam Transverse ark Sunray venus Cross-barred venus Texas quahog Crayfish Crabs Including the easy to obtain hermit crabs	Most mentioned in Primary Sources: Cattail Roots Berries (Black, Dew, Mulberry) Nuts Oak Acorns Prickly Pear Tuna Others Mentioned in Primary Sources: Granjeno Fruit Anacua Berries Mesquite Beans More coming soon…